Specification of Reaction RuleML 1.02
Authors: Adrian Paschke, Tara Athan, Harold Boley, Alexander Kozlenkov
RuleML Families : Specification of RuleML 1.02
- Prerequisites: None, Level: Semi-formal
Reaction RuleML : Specification of Reaction RuleML
- Prerequisites: None, Level: Semi-formal
Primer : Tutorial on RuleML
- Prerequisites: None, Level: Informative
XSD Schemas : Machine-readable schemas in XSD
- Prerequisites: XSD, Level: Formal
Examples : Illustrative Instances of the Version 1.02 Language
- Prerequisites: Primer, Level: Informative
Glossary : Definitions of Elements and Attributes
- Prerequisites: Primer, Level: Semi-formal
Content Models : Simplified XML Element and Attribute Definitions
- Prerequisites: Primer, Level: Semi-formal
Schema Docs : Diagrammatic Presentation of Content Models
- Prerequisites: Primer, Level: Semi-formal
Implementations : Implemented RuleML tools
- Prerequisites: None, Level: Informative
This version: reaction.ruleml.org/1.02
Latest version: reaction.ruleml.org/spec
Development version: reaction.ruleml.org/1.02
Companion version:
Deliberation RuleML 1.02
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Copyright © RuleML Inc. 2015 - 2016 -- Licensed under the RuleML Specification License 1.0 (http://ruleml.org/licensing/RSL1.0-RuleML)
This specification defines Version 1.02 of Reaction RuleML as a language family of RuleML, a knowledge representation architecture designed for the uniform interchange of the major kinds of Web rules across various rule logics and platforms. RuleML has broad coverage as a system of families of languages for Web rules, also including the Consumer RuleML and Deliberation RuleML families.
Reaction RuleML is a standard language family for the syntactic serialization and semantics-preserving interchange of reaction rules, e.g., for rule-based reactive agents, rule-based event processing and rule-based analytics. Reaction rules include spatio-temporal Derivation Rules (DR), Knowledge Representation (KR) calculi / logics for temporal/event/action/state/situation reasoning, as well as Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules, Production (CA) rules, Trigger (EA) rules, and distributed rule-based Complex Event Processing (CEP).
The scope of this specification covers the following components:
- (Informative) Glossary of the language components[1]
- Schemas in the following formats:
- (Informative) Schema docs[4]
Excluded from the scope of the specification are tools that make use of RuleML languages, such as editors or engines. For a listing of tools for working with RuleML, see the Implementations page.
The Reaction RuleML specification makes use of the family-independent Predefined Semantic Styles of RuleML 1.02.
This specification is itself a component of the specification of the RuleML 1.02 System, along with the specifications of the other families and the family-independent Semantic Styles of RuleML 1.02.
Readers who are already familiar with Reaction RuleML may want to refer to the Changes section. The RuleML 1.02 System as a whole is described in RuleML 1.02: Deliberation, Reaction and Consumer Families[5].
1 Overview
1.1 Reaction RuleML Features
The Reaction RuleML family includes the following features:
- Terms, including individuals, data terms, variables, skolem constants, reified terms, generalized lists, functional expressions, and event, situation, action, and fluent terms, formulas, and algebra operators
- Extensibility through foreign namespaces (content)
- Atomic formulas, including variably polyadic positional arguments, slots, rest variables, and object identifiers
- Rules (Rule) generalizing Implies, e.g., Production (CA) rules, Trigger (EA) and Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules, distributed rule-based Complex Event Processing (CEP)
- Specialized syntax dedicated to spatial, temporal, and interval terms and formulas
- Temporal, interval, event, action algebra operators and generic operations (Operation), e.g. for modal logic
- Quantifiers (Forall, Exists and generic Quantifier) and definitions of quantifications
- Equations with orientation modifiers
- Negations, including classical (strong) and negation-as-failure (weak) forms, with, e.g., well-founded or answer-set semantics, and generic negations
- Degree of uncertainty modifiers, which may be used, e.g., for fuzzy or probabilistic logics
- Type modifiers, which may be used, e.g., for sorted logics or as an abbreviation for classification through unary predicates
- Material or non-material implications
- IRIs as constants and CURIE abbreviations
- Implicit quantification (closure), including references to externally defined extended quantifiers such as numerical quantification
- Mechanism for distributed definitions (@key and @keyref)
- Metadata annotations, definitions of interface, signature, scopes (for scoped reasoning), semantic evaluation/interpretation profiles, qualifications (e.g., for time window definitions, priorities, ratings and other qualifying constraints), quantification, and referencing attributes for scope, mode, safety, arity, cardinality, qualifications, quantification
- Basic performatives (Assert, Retract, Query) and further complex actions/performatives for semantic import/consult, updates, answers, justifications, tests
- Rulebase containers and Message descriptors
- Metalogic, e.g. entailment assertions
- Functional expression interpretation modifiers (per), which may be used, e.g., to specify that a built-in functional expression should be replaced by its value
- Cardinality modifiers, which may be used, e.g., to specify that a functional expression or slot has a certain multiplicity of its values
- Slot weights
- Syntax for indicating the semantic profile (style)
1.2 Background
- Primer (basic introduction to RuleML in general)
- Tutorial (general tutorial about rule technologies)
- Lecture Paper (general lecture about Web rule technologies)
- Overview RuleML 1.02: Deliberation, Reaction and Consumer RuleML
- Reaction RuleML for Rules, Events and Actions in Semantic Complex Event Processing
- Reaction RuleML: Standardized Semantic Reaction Rules
- RuleML - The Overarching Specification of Web Rules
2 Examples
Numerous sample RuleML documents have been prepared and maintained in the Examples directory.
3 Glossary
The Reaction RuleML Glossary contains descriptions for every element, attribute, and syntactic category in Reaction RuleML.
4 Additional Restrictions
IRIs occurring as attribute values, whether originally expressed as an IRI or a CURIE, are required to be fully conformant to RFC 3987[6]. In the case of CURIEs, this restriction applies after expansion to an IRI according to the prefix.
5 Acknowledgements
We wish to acknowledge the contributions of the members of the Reaction RuleML technical group.
6 Appendices
6.1 Appendix 1: Example in Reaction RuleML 1.02
Source: http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/exa/cep/SimpleCEPRule.rrml
Note: other serializations of this example are available.
- http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/exa/pr/SimpleProductionRule.rrml (Production Rule)
- http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/exa/eca/SimpleECARule.rrml (ECA Rule)
- http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/exa/cep/SimpleCEPRule.rrml (CEP Rule)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/relaxng/kr-cep.rnc" type="application/relax-ng-compact-syntax"?>
<RuleML xmlns="http://ruleml.org/spec" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://ruleml.org/spec http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/xsd/cep.xsd">
<!--
This example defines a messaging reaction rule which is triggered by receiving a matching event message.
A matching event instance is sent and received by the rule which triggers it. If the condition holds a message is send.
-->
<!-- assert rule -->
<Assert>
<!-- rule "on receiving the order of a person for a drink if the drink is wine do tell person (=send to person message) that John likes the person" -->
<Rule style="active">
<on>
<Receive> <!-- receive action waiting for incoming messages -->
<enclosed>
<Message> <!-- message pattern definition matching against incoming messages -->
<signature> <!-- define the message's signature as event pattern for the detection -->
<Atom>
<Rel>orders</Rel>
<Var>Person</Var>
<Var>Drink</Var>
</Atom>
</signature>
</Message>
</enclosed>
</Receive>
</on>
<if>
<Atom>
<Rel>wine</Rel>
<Var>Drink</Var>
</Atom>
</if>
<do>
<Send>
<enclosed>
<Message>
<receiver><Var>Person</Var></receiver> <!-- receiver is THE "Person" -->
<payload> <!-- payload of message is a RuleML knowledge base -->
<RuleML>
<Assert>
<Atom>
<Rel>likes</Rel>
<Ind>John</Ind>
<Var>Person</Var>
</Atom>
</Assert>
</RuleML>
</payload>
</Message>
</enclosed>
</Send>
</do>
</Rule>
<Atom>
<Rel>wine</Rel>
<Ind>merlot</Ind>
</Atom>
</Assert>
<!-- send message that "Mary orders wine" which triggers the messaging reaction rule which is waiting for orders -->
<Send>
<enclosed>
<Message>
<cid><Ind>cid1</Ind></cid> <!-- conversation identifier -->
<sender><Ind>Mary</Ind></sender> <!-- sender -->
<receiver><Ind>John</Ind></receiver> <!-- receiver -->
<payload> <!-- payload -->
<RuleML>
<Assert>
<Atom>
<Rel>orders</Rel>
<Ind>Mary</Ind>
<Ind>merlot</Ind>
</Atom>
</Assert>
</RuleML>
</payload>
</Message>
</enclosed>
</Send>
</RuleML>
6.2 Appendix 2: Bash Scripts for Testing and Artifact Generation
The RuleML documents in the exa directory are used to test the kr-cep.rnc Relax NG schema, while the Bash scripts for testing are in the bash directory. The script used to validate against the Relax NG schema is batch_rnc-test-suite.sh . All the scripts for testing the Relax NG schema are designed to run offline in a clone of the Github repository, using the Jing[7] engine to validate the test documents against local copies of the Relax NG schema.
The build_rnc.sh master script executes the test script as well as the following additional tasks:
- Generation and validation of the Relax NG Content Models (
batch_rnc2simp.sh)
Similarly, a script is available to test the XSD schemas, batch_xsd-test-suite.sh. The build_xsd.sh master script executes the test script as well as the following additional test:
- Generate random instances of
kr-cep.xsdand validate against the RNC schema (generate-xml.sh).
Independently, a script is available to generate the XSD Schema Docs:
- Generation of the Schema Docs (
build_xsd2doc.sh)
6.3 Appendix 3: Changes
- renaming of <act> into <do>
- renaming of <Operator> into <Operation>
- removal of <Interval> wrapper on Allen operators
- removal of <Event> wrapper on Event algebra operators
- removal of <Action> wrapper on Action algebra operators
- using a uniform content model for <Equal> as Allen Operator and <Equal> as logical connective (<left> and <right> edges instead of <arg>)
- allow explicit conjunction and disjunction connectives (besides <Operation>) as head connectives
- allow <degree> in all formulas
6.3.1 Changelog
The issues that have been resolved through the changes between Reaction RuleML version 1.0 and 1.02 are listed at Category:Changes for Reaction RuleML 1.02 and committed to the Reaction RuleML Github repository. Backward incompatible changes are listed at Category:Backward-Incompatible Changes for Reaction RuleML 1.02
6.4 Appendix 4: Issues
See Category:Errata of Reaction RuleML 1.02 for a summary of reported errata of Reaction RuleML 1.02, including errata of Reaction RuleML 1.02, and errata of earlier versions of Reaction RuleML that have not been resolved as of Version 1.02.
See Category:Enhancements of Reaction RuleML 1.02 for a summary of requests for enhancement of Reaction RuleML, including enhancements of Reaction RuleML 1.02, and enhancements of earlier versions of Reaction RuleML that have not been resolved as of Version 1.02.
7 References
- ↑ Reaction RuleML Version 1.02 Glossary: http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/glossary/ Glossary
- ↑ Reaction RuleML Version 1.02 XSD Schemas: http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/xsd/
- ↑ Reaction RuleML Version 1.02 Relax NG Schemas: http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/relaxng/
- ↑ Schema docs http://reaction.ruleml.org/1.02/doc/
- ↑ RuleML 1.02: Deliberation, Reaction and Consumer Families http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1417/paper6.pdf
- ↑ RFC 3987: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
- ↑ Jing: http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/jing.html
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